Civilian Complaint Review Board
City board
The Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) is the independent agency that investigates complaints from the public about NYPD misconduct. It handles four categories of allegations, known by the acronym FADO: Force, Abuse of authority, Discourtesy, and Offensive language. A 15-member all-civilian board (no member except the police commissioner's appointees may have a law-enforcement background) reviews investigations and recommends discipline using the NYPD's Disciplinary Matrix, but the Police Commissioner makes the final disciplinary decision. The CCRB was created in 1953 and became a fully independent, all-civilian agency by city referendum in 1993.
- Board members
- 15, all civilians
- Appointed by
- Mayor (5), City Council (5), Police Commissioner (3), Public Advocate (1)
- Executive Director
- Jonathan Darche
- Complaints on record
- 140,463 (since 1973)
- Misconduct allegations
- 427,783
- Substantiated complaints
- 9,623
- Established
- 1953 (all-civilian since 1993)
Board members (11)
The Board has 15 seats: five appointed by the Mayor, five by the City Council (one per borough), three designated by the Police Commissioner, and one by the Public Advocate, with the Chair jointly appointed by the Mayor and City Council. Eleven seats are currently filled. The Public Advocate seat
- Sherene Crawford, Esq. Interim Chair (Mayoral appointee)
- John Siegal, Esq. Mayoral appointee
- June Northern Mayoral appointee
- Pat Smith Mayoral appointee
- Rahul Agarwal Mayoral appointee
- Joseph A. Puma City Council appointee (Manhattan)
- AU Hogan City Council appointee (Queens)
- Herman Merritt City Council appointee (Brooklyn)
- Frank Dwyer Police Commissioner designee
- Joe Fox Police Commissioner designee
- Kevin McGinn Police Commissioner designee
What the public complains about (FADO categories)
Cumulative totals — every allegation in the CCRB's complaint database on record (not a single year). One complaint can carry several allegations, so these exceed the complaint count.
- Abuse of authority 225,474
- Force 127,384
- Discourtesy 63,047
- Offensive language 11,653
- Untruthful statement 225
What discipline NYPD imposed
After the CCRB substantiates misconduct it recommends discipline, but the Police Commissioner decides the actual penalty. Across 15,153 substantiated officer-allegations on record, the penalty NYPD imposed (as of 2026-08-29). One row per officer per allegation.
- No penalty imposed 3,212 (21%)
- Command Discipline A 2,640 (17%)
- Instructions 2,177 (14%)
- Formalized training 2,041 (13%)
- Pending / not reported 1,797 (12%)
- Command Discipline B 1,299 (9%)
- Forfeit vacation days 925 (6%)
- APU prosecution pending 776 (5%)
- Separated (retired/resigned) 180 (1%)
- Termination 55 (0%)
- Other 47 (0%)
- Warned / admonished 4 (0%)
APU prosecutions (3,078)
The CCRB's Administrative Prosecution Unit (APU) prosecutes the most serious substantiated cases at OATH trials. How those cases were resolved (2013–2026).
- Resolved by plea 862 (28%)
- Pending 777 (25%)
- Not guilty after trial 303 (10%)
- Guilty after trial 281 (9%)
- Closed with discipline 216 (7%)
- Other disposition 182 (6%)
- Closed without discipline 149 (5%)
- Charges not served 127 (4%)
- Officer retired/resigned 118 (4%)
- Statute of limitations expired 63 (2%)
Key reports & documents
- 2025 Annual Report NYPD discipline concurrence rose to 84% from 30%; complaints at their highest since 2013
- 2024 Annual Report 5,663 complaints (most since 2012); body-worn cameras cut unidentified-officer cases by half
- Issue-based reports Standalone studies of specific misconduct patterns, with NYPD policy recommendations
- APU quarterly reports Quarterly reports on the Administrative Prosecution Unit's police-discipline trials